Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an endocrine emergency and the leading cause of morbi-mortality in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1DM). DKA treatment is still controverse, mainly regarding hydroelectrolytic replacement and insulin dose.Aims: To evaluate efectiveness and safety of our tertiary centre protocol in DKA treatment, which included initial volume expansion with isotonic saline in the first two hours followed by 0.45% sodium...

Introduction: Autoimmune Addison disease requires lifelong glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement. Optimal therapy is not standardized and must balance adequate hormone substitution with prevention of treatment-related complications.Objective: Assessment of patients followed at our department: epidemiology, associated conditions, treatment, cumulative hydrocortisone dose and comorbidities.Methods: Review of clinical recor...

Introduction: In most cases, adrenal masses are non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas. On ‘Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline’ published in 2016, the experts ‘suggest against repeated hormonal work-up in patients with a normal hormonal work-up at initial evaluation unless new clinical signs of endocrine activity appear or there is worsening of comorbidities’.C...

Introduction: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare entities characterized by the occurrence of tumors involving two or more endocrine glands in a single patient. These syndromes are classified as type 1 or 2 according to specific phenotypic characteristics. MEN2 encompasses three different subtypes: MEN2A, MEN2B and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. More recently a syndrome related to mutations in the CDKN1B gene has been described – the syndrome of m...

Background: Adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have a higher incidence of metabolic risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (NASH), abdominal adiposity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) when compared with their non-diabetic peers. Moreover, metabolic risk factors seem to appear even in T1DM girls without overweight or obesity. We aimed to determine the prevalence of several metabolic risk factors in adolescent T1DM females, ...

Background: Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a autosomal recessive disorder with only up to 500 reported cases. It is characterized by generalized absence of fat since birth and severe metabolic derangements such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Diabetes mellitus generally develops during the second or third decade of life. This is a rare clinical condition, with worldwide prevalence of 1 in 10 million people and incidence of 1:500.000...

Introduction: Cushing’s Syndrome secondary to inhaled or topic corticosteroids is very rare, although there are reports of a link to cytochrome inhibitors. Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor used for treatment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4.The case: A 41 years old man - with personal history of asthma, HIV infection diagnosed in 2002 and hepatitis C infection since 1999 – was sent to ...

Idiopathic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare reproductive disorder that is primarily caused by a gonadotrophin-realising hormone (GnRH) deficiency. When CHH is associated with hyposmia or anosmia is designated by Kallmann Syndrome (KS). This syndrome is a genetic disorder with significant genetic heterogeneity that may present as a sporadic or familial case, following autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X – linked recessive modes of inherita...

Hypophysitis are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory lesions affecting the hypophysis. Have been described hypophysitis secondary to administration of immunomodulatory drugs such as interferon and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibodies (CTLA-4). Ipilimumab is an anti-CTLA-4 human monoclonal antibody that blocks the union between CTLA-4 and B7 receptor on antigen-presenting cells causing an antitumoral effect and increasing the production of autoantibodies. Hypophys...

A 50-year-old woman with no history of interest who was admitted in hospital for progressive headache 2 weeks of evolution refractory to treatment that was accompanied by emetic syndrome and paresthesias in face and arms. A CT scan of the skull (urgency) was performed which was normal. Neurology improves with analgesia and steroids, presenting mild drowsiness and mild hyponatremia (121 mEq/l). A cerebral MRI was performed, showing a right subacute hemorrhagic adenoma of 1 cm t...